However, P-gp has been shownВ to modulate uptake of -adrenaline into hepatic cells, 50 suggesting that P-gp mayВ be involved in the biodistribution of catecholamines. No studies have considered the potential role of P-gp in chromaffin cells. 49 Another attractive hypothesis is that P-gp acts to protect adrenocortical and adrenomedullary cells from the very high levels of glucocorticoids present in the adrenal gland, although this remains to be tested. It has been suggested that P-gp protects the adrenal cortex from exposure to xenobiotics and environmental toxicants. 47,48 As such, P-gp may be involved in the adrenal corticosteroid release. P-gp has been shown to be involved in the regulation of aldosterone and cortisol secretion in adrenal cell lines. 45,46 Studies have not been undertaken to localize P-gp to any particular region of the adrenal cortex. P-gp is present at the cellular membrane of adrenocortical cells as well as in clusters of cells in the adrenal medulla. 41-43 However, the role of P-gp in anterior pituitary cells on HPA function is less clear as pituitary uptake of -DEX, cortisol, and corticosterone was unaffected in Abcb1a and Abcb1a/1b KO mice compared with controls. Studies have shown P-gp expression and/or activity in prolactin-releasing and growth hormoneвЂ“releasing pituitary tumor cell lines. 14 However, localization of P-gp to specific subpopulations of anterior pituitary cells has not been investigated. P-gp has been identified in the human pituitary, localized to capillaries, pituicytes, and anterior pituitary cells.

Matthews, in Stress: Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pathology, 2019 Pituitary and Adrenal Gland Also, an interesting role for Pgp is indicated in the neuroendocrine functioning and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis because Pgp is involved in the efflux of certain natural and synthetic glucocorticoids from the brain.Д®nrrico Bloise, Stephen G. Another possible role of Pgp lies in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by the direct interaction of Pgp on amyloid-ОІ40 and amyloid-ОІ42 or by Pgp's influencing the accumulation of these proteins. Pgp may even play a role in allograft rejection and in the inhibition of apoptosis. This transporter also is involved in the transport of certain cytokines. In general, Pgp preferentially extrudes large hydrophobic, positively charged molecules. Numerous investigations with many drugs have demonstrated that Pgp has an important role in determining the concentrationвЂ“time profiles of Pgp substrates in the different parts of the body. Pgp is the most well-known of the ABC transporters and was the first to be identified in humans, in which it plays a critical role in drug resistance in the treatment of cancers. de Lange, in Encyclopedia of Stress (Second Edition), 2007 P -Glycoprotein

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